Wireless electric railway signalling system.



No. 677,828. Patented July 2, 90!.

. L. C. WERNER. WIRELESS ELEGTRIO'RAILWAY SIGNALING SYSTEI.

(Application filed Dec. 80; 1899.)

(No Model.) 4 Sheets$heat l.

No. 677,828. Patented July 2, l90l. L. C. WERNER.

WIRELESS ELECTRIC RAILWAY SIGNALING SYSTEI.

(Application med Dec. 30, 1899.; (I0 lodel.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

G firizer @uvontom "m: nouns: 921cm co, PNOTO-LITNQ, wnnmcrou, o c.

No. 677,828. Patented luly 2, I911. L. B. WERNER.

WIRELESS ELECTRIC RAILWAY SIGNALING SYSTEM.

(Applimfiion filed Dec. 30, 1899.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

No. 677,828. L Patented m 2, mm.

L. c. WERNER.

WIRELESS ELECTRIC RAILWAY SIGNALING vSYSTEM.

(Application filzd. Dec. 80, 1899.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

U lllv M 'U-NiTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Louis CHARLES WERNER, OF BROADBROOK, CONNECTICUT.

WIRELESS ELECTRIC RAlLWAY SIGNALING SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 677,828, dated July 2, 1901.

' Application filed December 30,18 9. Serial to. 742,095. (to model.)

To all whom 235 may concern:

NER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Broadbrook, in the county of Hartford and 5 State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful WVireless Electrical Railway Sig-. naling System, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to electrical railway signaling systems; and it has for one object to provide improved and practical means for adapting the wireless system of telegraphy to railway signaling for the purpose of signaling between trains coming in the same or difierent directions on the same track or at crossovers, as well as to provide positive and reliable means for signaling to and from stations from diiferent parts of the same train, such as from a caboose, engineers cab of a Another object of the invention is to combine with the transmitting and receiving mechanism of the train apparatus improved recording mechanism operating synchronously therewith and also cooperating withsuitable alarms, whereby an alarm will sound for transmitted signals and also for received signals, as well as for recording upon a suitable recording-tape the duration of the different signals, thereby providing a complete and accurate recordof the action of the apparatus.

These and many other objects in view will readily appear as the nature of the invention is better understood; and the same consists in the novel construction, combination,

and arrangement of parts, as hereinafter more fully described, and pointed outin the claims. The present invention contemplates suitfreight train,' from switches, culverts, and, in

1 able means for practically operating the trans- Be it known that I, LOUIS CHARLES WEB- mitting and receiving circuits of the wireless system of telegraphy in connection with the track and track-contacts of a railroad, and in carrying outthese'objects variousexpedients ,may be resorted to, while the preferred embodiment of the adaptation of said system of wireless telegraphy to railway signaling is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- I Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing 10- comotives traveling in the oppositedirection and equipped with the apparatus contemplated by the present invention. Fig. 2 is a similarview showing the caboose of a freighttrain equipped with a transmitting instrument and shown broken from thetrain.v Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the complete train apparatus, including the track contacts and the arrangement of the track-contact brushes. Fig. 4 is an enlarged diagrammatic view of the train apparatus, exclusive of the track-contacts and the track-contact brushes. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic View showing the preferable arrangement of contacts at and near a station to provide for setting the apparatus to transmit the proper signals, said view also illustrating a practical method of associating a transmitting instrument with a switch. Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail elevation of one of the tilting track-contacts. Fig; 7 is a cross-sectional view of the continuously-operating signal-controller, the line-section being taken on the line 7 7 of Fig. 4:. Fig. Sis a detail elevation showing a modification of the signal-controller. Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view on the line 9. 9 of Fig. 8. r

Like characters of reference designate corresponding partsin all the figures of the drawings. v

In the practical carrying out of the invention any of the ordinary transmitting and receiving instruments commonly employed in the wireless system of telegraphy may be utilized, and, in fact, the instruments employed in the Marconi systemare Well adapted for the purposes of the invention; so it is therefore not deemed necessary to enter into a specific description of the construction and action of the main transmitting and receiving instruments. It is necessary, however, to provide for securing the objects sought for those familiar with the art.

tem of telegraphy.

'tem of telegraphy.

by the invention to equip each train with a duplicate apparatus,which apparatus is preferably carried by the locomotive and includes means not only for transmitting and receiving the signals, but also for sounding an alarm to notify the engineer of the action of the apparatus and to simultaneously record the elec-' tricalimpulses. Exclusive of the alarm-bells, which I preferably arrange in the cab of a locomotive, the main working parts of the signaling mechanism maybe mounted in a casing or boxing 1, supported in a convenient position upon the locomotive or any car forming a part of the train or may be used on a trolley or any electric car; but it will of course be understood that the entire mechanism or any part thereof may be arranged upon the train in such position or positions as may be found best adapted for securing a proper action of the apparatus.

Each train apparatus includes a signaltransmitting mechanism and a signal-receiving mechanism, which are separate and inde pendent of each other and are provided with separate aerial conductors A A, respectively,

which aerial conductors are mounted on poles or other suitable supports carried in any con venient position for exposing the said aerial; conductors in the atmosphere; but it will be;

understood that one aerial conductor may be used and that connected to both the transmitting and receiving instruments of the ap paratus, as will be readily understood by There is no claim made in the present application upon any special arrangement of the aerial conductors, and it is simply proposed to use said conductors in the same way and for the same purpose as the corresponding conductors forming. a part of the ordinary wireless sys- It will be understood by those familiar with the art that the aerial conductors, or terminals, as they are sometimes termed, are solely designed for use in connection with Hertzian waves or electrical waves produced by electrostatic discharges "and capable of transmission to a distance through the intervening media.

The aerial conductor Act the transmitting mechanism is connected with one terminal of the secondary circuit a b, which circuit includes the usual balls 2 and the secondary winding of the Ruhmlcorff coil 3, forming a part of the complete transmitting mechanism T,- said reference-letter designating as an enjtiretythe transmittinginstrument,whioh may be of the usual type employed by Marconi and others in carrying out the wireless sys- The primary winding of the Ruhmkorff or induction coil 3 isincluded in the primary circuit 0 d, the said circuit having its local battery 4, and the wire 0 'thereof being con nected with the metallic core 5 of the continuously-operating signal-controller 6, and it will of course be understood] that an ordinary interrupter is included in the primary circuit of the coil, though not shown in the drawings. The said continu ously-operating signal-controller 6 may be conveniently in the form of a cylindrical drum provided with an insulated periphery 7 and having a peripheral series of ofiset contact projections 8, 9, 10, and 11, which are insulated from each other by the insulation 7 on the periphery of the drum, but are in metallic contact with the core 5 of the drum for the purpose to be presently explained. At this point it may be explained that all the several contact projections 8., 9, 10, and 11 are not only arranged in different circular planes, but in different longitudinal planes, so as to come into play at different times, and the contact projections 8 and 9 are designed for use in connection with the transmitting mechanism, but are of different lengths or Widths, so as to provide for transmitting impulses of dilferent duration, according to the location of the train, it of course being understood that there is a succession or series of said contacts 8 and 9 to provide forcarrying out the system of signaling by dots and dashes or equivalent characters. The other contacts 10 and 11 are respectively employed for completing the return connections for both the transmitting and the receiving circuits, as will be, hereinafter more fully explained.

The circuit-controller 6, which, as stated, is preferably in the form ofa drum, is mounted in suitable bearings, whereby the same may be continuously rotated,and this rotation may be automatically accomplished through the medium of an electric motor 12, havinga suitable gearing connection 13 with the shaft of the drum and included in a local operatingcircuit e f, which provides means for constantly energizing the motor, and thereby causing a constant rotation of the signal-controlling drum 6, whereby said drum will antomatically throw the transmitting and receiving mechanisms alternately in and out of action. I

The contact project-ions 8 and 9 of'the sig rial-controller 6, which projections operate as a part of the transmitting mechanism, are designed to move in and out of contact, respectively, with a pair of brushes 14 and 15, arranged at one side of the drum 6 in spaced relation and respectively disposed in the circular path of movement of'the contact projections 8 and 9 ofthe said drum. The said contact-brushes 14 and 15, respectively, have wire connections 9 and h with the spaced contact-plates 16 and 17. The contact-plates 16 and 17 are arranged in fixed positions and are preferably in the form of spring-plates projected inwardly toward each other, but out of metallic contact, soas to be alternately engaged by the contact-arm 18 of a single swinging switch-lever 19, whichis in metallic connect-ion with the wire d of the primary transmitting-circuit c d and which switch-lever also forms a part ofran automatic circuitchanging switch for throwing either of the IIO emcee contact-brushes 14 and 15 into the primary transmitting-circuit. lever 19 is preferably in the form of a T-lever,

whereby the contact-arm thereof is disposed switch not only includes the contact-plates 16 and 17 and the swinging switch-lever 19,

but also a pair of switch-adjusting magnets and 21, which magnets are arranged at an angle to each other and adapted to respec-v tively cotiperate with opposite ends of the lever 19 to provide for oscillating the same upon its fulcrum and to bring either of the series of contact projections 8 and 9 of the signalcontroller into action, according to the character of the impulse which is to be transmitted as a signal. In this connection it is obvious that the action of the signal-controller does not provide for changing the character of the transmitted waves in a physical sense, but simply the signaling character of such impulses as may be produced by either the succession of contacts 8 or 9. served at this point that the switch-ad j usting magnets 20 and 21 are in pairs, as well as all of the other electromagnets used in carrying out the system; but as it is common in the art to pair electromagnets it is not deemed necessary to illustrate the same except in diagramin the drawings. Therefore it will be understood that in referring to the different magnets singly such term will comprehend the usual pair.

To provide for holding the switch-lever 19 locked in either of its adjusted positions, each of the adjusting-magnets 20 has associated therewith a locking-armature 22, pivotally supported at one end, as at 23, at one side of the magnet and provided at or contiguous to its free swinging end with a keeper 24, cooperating with the lateral extension 25 of the exposed core end of the adjacent magnet. Each locking-armature 22 is pivotally supported at one side of the adjacent switch normally energized. Said magnets are respectively included in their normally closed local operating-circuits ij and l, which circuits also include an independent local loat tery 28 and a normally closed circuit-closer 29. Each of said circuit-closers 29 consists of a fixed contact-plate 30 and a pivotal contact-armature 31, normally held in contact with the plate 30 by means of a retracting.

The swinging switch:

It may be 011- spring 32 The pivotal contact-armatures 31 of the separate circuit-closers 29 respectively form a part of the track-relays 33 and 34, the relay 33 consisting of the magnet 35 and the armature 31, included in the operating-cirw cuit t'j, and the relay 35 comprising the magnet 36 and the armature 31, included in the operating-circuit 7s Z. V

There are associated with the track-relays 35 and 36 two sets of track-contact brushes '37 38 and 37 38, which operate in pairs.

Only one pair of the track-contact brushes operate when the train is moving in one direction, while the other pair of such brushes operate while the train is moving in the opposite direction, so the description of the apparatus in connection with one pair of the contact-brushes will suffice for the other, it only being noted that the two pairs of brushes 37 38 and 37 38 are arranged in reverse order, so that both pairs will operate in the same manner, though brought into play by the train moving in opposite directions. The track-contact brushes 37 37 have a common bridge-wire connection with the circuit-wire m of the local track-relay circuit m n, which includes the magnet 35 of the relay 33 and the local battery 39. The wire a of the local track-relay circuit at n is connected with the common return-wire 0, which connects with the axle 40 of the locomotive or car truck, the Wheels 41 of which axle travel on the trackrails 42. comprises the wires 19 q, and said circuit includes the magnet 36 of the relay 34. The

wire 10 of the local track-relay and circuit 19 g has a common bridge-wire connection r respectively with the track-contact brushes 38 38 while the other wire q connects with the common return-wire 0. At this point it will be observed that the bridge-wire connections of both pairs of contacts provide means whereby the traclcrelays 33 and 34 will be actuated by the train when moving in either direction.

The other local track-relay circuit contacts 43 and 44 are also respectively spaced at different distances from the adjacent rails, whereby the same will be respectively engaged by the brushes 37 38 or by the brushes 37 38, according to the direction in which the train is moving. While the track-contacts 43 and 44 may be of any suitable construction, the same are preferably in the form of bell-cranks 45, pivotally mounted at their angles, as at 46, in suitable bearing-brackets 47, secured upon the ties. Each of'the piv-" otal bell-crank contacts is provided with an upstanding contact-arm 48 of a sectional construction, with insulation 49 interposed between the sections thereof. contact is normally sustained in a proper upright position by the adj usting-spring 50, con-.

nected with the lower arm thereof and also to a fixed point of adjustment. proper track-contact brush engages with one of the bell-crank track-contacts, the brush willstrike that side'of the contact which has .the wire connection with the adjacent rail; but when the train is moving-in the opposite direction the same contact-brush would strike the other side or section of the contact, and

by reason of this side or section of the contact being insulated from the main section. having the wire connection the brush would freely trip backwardly over the contact with- I out interfering with the circuit.

The wire I) of the secondary circuit a b of the transmitting mechanism is connected with a contact-brush 51, which is arranged above the signal-controlling drum 6, within the cirl cular path of movement of the contact projection 10 thereof, to provide for completing the secondary transmitting-circuit through the common return-wire u for both the transmitting and receiving circuits. This common return-wire u is in one form of the in vention shown in connection with the metallic core 5 of the drum 6 and also with the; The

axle at of the locomotive or car truck. circuit-wire '0 of the receiving mechanism or circuit also is connected with a contact-brush 52, which cooperates with the other return contact projection 11 of the drum 6, whereby the receiving circuit may be completed through the common return-wire it. At this point it will be observed that this common rereceiving mechanisms, or at least with the operating-circuits of these mechanisms, a pair i of recording instruments, (designated, 'respectively, by the numbers- 54 and 55,) theinstrument 54 being properly termed the transmitted-signal recorder, and the instrument 55 the received-signal recorder.

Both instruments 54 and 55 are preferably in.

the form of relays, and the instrument 54 consists of the'magnet 56 and the bell-crank armature 57, playing opposite the exposed end of the magnet,one end of which bell-crank armature is provided with a marking-point 58, working at one side of and against asuitable record-tape 59, working over the tapefeeding roll 60, which may be conveniently mounted upon the shaft of the signal-controlling drum 6, so that the tape will have unused portions thereof continuously exposed to the action of the markers cooperating therewith. The bell-crank armature 57 of the in- Each bell-crank When the strument 54: is normally drawn in the direction toward the tape '59 by the retractingspring 61, and one arm of said bell-crank forms a part of a circuit-closer 62 for the '10- cal alarm-circuit w to, which includes there'- in abattery63 and an alarm-bell 64, which is preferably arranged in the engineers cab and is designed as the alarm for transmitted signals. One of the wires of the local alarmcircuit w w is metallically connected with the bell-crank armature 57, and the other of saidwires is connected with the fixed contact 62, cotiperating with the bell-crank armature 57 and forming a part of the circuit closer 62. The other recording instrument 55 is similarin construction and action to the instrument 54. The said recording instrument 55, which acts in the capacity of a recorder for received signals,co'nsists of a mag net 65 and a bell-crank armature 66, playing over the exposed core end of the magnet.

The said bell-crank armature 6670f theinstrument 55 is provided at one terminal thereof with a marking-point 67, which also works against the record-tape, but in a different ;position from the marking-point 58 of the other instrument 5%, and the said bell-crank armature 66 is normally drawn toward the recordtape by the retracting-spring 67. One arm of the bell-crank 66 also constitutes part of a circuit-closer 68, consisting of an arm of the bell-crank 66 anda fixed contact 68, the said separate elements of the closer 6,8 having respectively connected therewith the separate wires of the local alarm-circuit m at, which circuit includes therein a battery 69 and an alarm-bell 70, preferably arranged with the bell 64 in the engineers cab, but of a different tone-from said bell, so as to act in the capacity of an alarm for received signals.

The magnet 56 of the recording instrument or relay 54 is included in the normally closed operating-circuit y y, whichincludes a battery 71 and a normally closed circuit-closer 72, consisting of a fixed contact 73 and the contact-armature 74, normally held against the fixed contact 73 by a retracting-spring 75. The said contact-armature is'adapted to be drawn in one direction away from the fixed contact 73 by an operating magnet76,included 'in the secondarycircuit a b of the-transmitting mechanism.

The magnet 65 of the recording instrument or relay 55 is included in a normally closed operating-circuit z 2, which includes a battery 77, and a normally closed circuit-closer 78, consisting of a fixed contact 79 and a contact-armature 80, normally held in contact with the fixed contact 79 by a retracting-spring 81. The said contact-armature 80 is adapted to be moved in a direction away from the con tact 79 under the influence of the operatingmagnet 81, which is included in the receiving-circuit.

While the operating magnet 81 may be properly referred to as being included in the receiving-circuit, still it will be understood as necessary that a battery or some equivalent electrical source of energy independent of the Hertz wave must be included in the circuit of the said magnet for the purpose of energizing the same.- The usual receiving mechanism, such as employed in the Marconi system, may be arranged in the circuit no; but for illustrative purposes there is shown diagrammatically the necessary elements which cooperate with the wires to 'v and the magnet 81. Referring more particularly to the drawings, it will be seen that the magnet 81 is included in a separate battery-circuit, (designated by the letter 13,) which battery-circuit has also included therein a battery 81*, the usual condenser 81, the usual sensitive imperfect contact or coherer 81, and one coil of an induction coil or transformer 81, the other coilof which induction coil or transformer has connected therewith the wire '1], which conducts the Hertz wave.

The action of these several instrumentalities is precisely the same as in the Marconi system of telegraphy; but in the present inventionthe battery-circuit B is controlled by the coherer 81, influenced by the Hertz wave.

In Fig. 5 of the drawings the track-contacts '43 and 44 have been illustrated in full lines brushes 37 38 and the dotted-line contacts 43 and 44 to be respectively engaged by the track-contact brushes 37 38 when the train is moving in the opposite direction. The action would be the same in both cases, so it is only deemed necessary to describe the operation in connection with the contact-brushes 37 38 and the track-contacts shown in full lines in Fig. 5. Assuming the train to 'be traveling north, as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 5, upon approaching or reaching the station the track-contact brush 37 will come into operative engagement with the track-contact 43, thereby completing the circuit over the wire m, the magnet 35 of the track-relay 33,

the wire 12, the wire 0, the axle 40, track-rail 42, wire 8, and contact 43. .of this circuit energizes the magnet 35 and The completion opens the circuit-closer 29, included in the local operating-circuit 't' j for the switch-adjusting magnet 20, thereby deenergizing this magnet, which permits the adjacent lockingarmature 22 to be thrown out of engagement with the contiguous end of the switch-lever 19, which lever will thereupon be drawn by the attraction of the adj usting-magnet 21 into locking engagement with the locking-armature 22 of such magnet. Being thus reversedithe contact-arm of the switch-lever 19 will engage with the contact-plate 17, and

thereby provide for completing the primary circuit of the transmitting mechanism over the wire 0, the metallic core 5 of the signalcoutrolling drum 6, the contact projections 9 of this drum, .the contact-brush 15, the wire h, the contact-plate 17, the switch-lever 19, and the wire (I. With the parts thus arranged the contact projections 9 will be ac-' tive, and when coming into contact with the brush 15, associated therewith, will transmit to the aerial conductor A electrical impulses of any predetermined interval to provide for notifying engineers of trains beyond and approaching the station of the presence of the train at such point. When the train leaves the station, the track-contact brush 38 comes into operative engagement with the track-contact 44, thereby completing the relay-circuit over the wire 19, the magnet 36 of the relay 34, wire q, return-wire 0, axle 40,

rail, wire 26, and track-contact 44. This causes the energization of the magnet 36 of the relay 34, with a consequent opening of the circuitcloser 29, associated with the local operatingcircuit 70 Zof the adjusting-magnet 21. This magnet 21 becomes deenergized and permits of the other adjusting-magnet 20 to come into play and provides for the reversing of the switch-lever 19 in the same manner as already explained. When the switch-lever 19 is reversed under the attractive influence of its reversing-magnet 20, the contact-arm 18 thereof comes into engagement witlrthe contact-plate 16, which changes the primary circuit, the transmitting mechanism from the contact projections 9 to the contact projections 8, which latter projections are of a different size from the projections 9, andtherefore provide for transmitting different electrical impulses from the aerial conductor'A, which impulses are arranged into a proper code of signals, so that they will be understood to notify engineers of approaching or following trains that a-train has left the station.

By reason of the fact that the signal-controller 6 is constantly rotating, the brush 52,

insure a proper operation of 'the apparatus and insure the automatic transmission and receiving of electrical impulses without interference. Whenever impulses are trans mitted by the transmitting mechanism, the closing of the secondary circuit a 1) causes an energization of the operating magnet 76, which serves to open the circuit-closer 72 and deenergize the magnet'56 of the recording in- .strument 54. This action permits the bellcrank armature 57 to move against the rec-- may be associated with an ordinary switch.

. aerial conductor 84, mounted on a pole or:

. a box or other closure.

ord-tape 59 to make the proper record and at the same time close the circuit closer 63, whereby the alarm 64 for transmitted signals will be sounded. The same act-ion takes place whenever the circuit for the receiving mechanism is closedthat is, the magnet 81 opens 83, said transmitting instrument including an otherwise suitably elevated above the ground, and which instrument 82 may be mounted in The circuit of the instrument S2 is normally incomplete, and the return-wire 85 of the instrument may be conveniently connected by a contact-arm 86, movable with the switch-bar 87 and adapted to cooperate with a fixed contact-plate 88, arranged at one side of the track and havinga wire connection 89with one of the trackrails. It will therefore be seen that when the switch is opened for use the contact-arm 86 will be carried against the fixed plate 88,

thereby completing the circuit of the transmitting instrument 82, whereby the switchman may notify of approaching trains, it of course being understood thatthe signals 7 transmitted from the instrument 82 will be be of any of the usual forms, will not only bereceived by the receiving mechanism of each train apparatus which is operated .in connection with a complete system.

The transmitting instrument 82, which may arranged for use in connection with the switch 8? but at culverts to indicate Washouts, at highway-crossings, at crossovers, and even in connection with semaphore-signals, any suitable means being provided for completing or closing the transmitter-circuit when it is necessary to transmit a danger or other message to approaching trains.

Another way of utilizing the transmitting instrument 82 is by arranging such an instrument in the caboose of a freight-train, so that in the event of a caboose breaking away, as indicated in Fig. 2 of the drawings, the engineer of the same train can be promptly notified of the fact. In this use of the transmitting instrument 82 the circuit of said instrument is also normally incomplete, and the return connection 35 thereof has included therein a normally open circuit-closer 100. This circuit-closer consists of the fixed contact-plate 101 and the pivotal 1ever.102,having a handle 103, normally held away from and out of contact with the fixed plate 101 by a retracting-spring 104. The said plate 101 and the lever 102 are respectively connected with separate portions of the return-wire 85, which return-wire is adapted to be included in the circuit with the track-rails. By moving the lever 102 in contact with the plate 101 the circuit of the transmitting instrument of the caboose will be completed, so that mesof tappets cooperating with pivotal contactlevers 51 and 52, which are adapted to move in and out of contact with fixed contact-plates 90, having bridge-wire connections with the common return-wire it respectively for the transmitting and receiving circuits. The same idea could be embodied in connection with the contacts 8 and 9; but Figs, 8 and 9 of the drawings simply suggest one of many modifications that might be resorted to for the same purpose and which lie within the skill of the electrical engineer;

From the foregoing it is thought that the essential features of the invention, which provide for adapting the Wireless system of telegraphy to railway signaling, will be readily understood without further description, and it will be understood that various changes in the size, shape, proportion, and minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

Having thus described the invention,what is claimed as new, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is v 1. In an electrical railway Wireless signaling system, a train apparatus provided with a signaling mechanism arranged to be included in a wireless circuit,'and having an aerial conductor or terminal for Hertzian waves,

said signaling mechanism also having a circuit including a track rail or rails, substantially as described.

IIO

transmitting and receiving mechanisms arranged to be included in'a wireless circuit,

each having an aerial conductor for Hertzian waves included in the circuits thereof, and means for automatically cutting the transmitting and receiving mechanisms in and out of action.

t. In an electrical railway wireless signaling system, a train apparatus provided with signal transmitting and receiving mechanisms arranged to be included in a wireless circuit each having an aerial conductor for Hertzian waves, and means for automatically cutting the transmitting and receiving mechanisms alternately in and out of action.

5. In an electrical railway wireless signaling system, a train apparatus provided with signal transmitting and receiving mechanisms arranged to be included in a wireless circuit each having an aerial conductor for Hertzian waves, and means for continuously opening and closing the transmitting and re -v ceiving circuits alternately, substantially'as described.

6'. In anelectrical railway wireless signal-- ing system, a train apparatus provided with transmitting and receiving mechanisms arranged to be included in a wireless circuit each having an aerial conductor for Hertzian Waves, and a continuously-operating signalcontroller having means for alternatelycutting the transmitting andreceiving mechanisms in and out of action.

7. In an electrical railway signaling system,,a train apparatus provided with transmitting and receiving mechanisms each having an aerial conductor, and a continuouslyoperating signal-controller having means for alternately cutting the transmitting and receiving instruments in and out of action, and

also for changing the character of transmit-.

ted impulses. I

8. In an electrical railway signaling system, a train apparatus provided with transmitting and receiving mechanisms each having an aerial conductor, a continuously-operatin g signal-controller having means for alternately cutting thesepara-te mechanisms in and out of action, and-a circuit-changing device associated with the controller. for automatically changing the, character of the transmitted impulses.

9. In an electrical railway wireless signaling system, the signal-transmitting mechanism arranged to be included in a wireless circuit and having an aerial conductor for Hertzian waves, and means for automatically changing the signaling character of the electrical impulse transmitted by said mechanism, substantially as described.

10. In an electrical railway signaling system, a train apparatus provided with signal transmitting and receiving mechanisms each having an aerial conductor, a continuouslyoperating signal-controller having means for alternately cutting the transmitting and receiving mechanisms in and out of action, and

an automatically-adj usting circuit-changing switch cooperating with the signal-controller to change the character of the transmitted impulses. I

11. In an electrical railway signaling sys- I tem, a train apparatus provided with signal transmitting and receiving mechanisms each having an aerial conductor, a continuouslyoperatiug signal-controller having means for automatically and alternately opening and closing the transmitting and receiving circuits, and an automatically-adjusted switch included in the primary circuit of the transmittingmechanism and cooperating with the signal-controller to change the character of the transmitted impulses. r

V 12. In'an electrical railway signaling system, a train apparatus provided with signaling transmitting and receiving mechanisms which have an aerial conductor, a continuously-operating signal-controller interposed in the primary and secondary circuits of the transmitting mechanisms, and alsoin the circuit of the receiving'mechanism, an automatically-adjusted switch cooperating with the signal-controller to change the character of the'transmitted impulses, and the switch-adjusting mechanism, including track contacts and brushes cooperating therewith.

13. In an electrical railway signaling system, a train apparatus provided with signaling transmitting-and receivingmechanisms, each having an aerial conductor, a continuously-operating signal-controller included in the primary and secondary circuits of the transmitting mechanism and also in the circuit of the receiving mechanism, a circuitchanging switch included in the'primary circuit of the transmitting mechanism and cooperating with the signal-controller, a switchadjusting mechanism including magnets for the movable switch member, track-relays associated with said magnets, trackcontact brushes in the circuit of said relays,and trackcontacts having circuit-wire connections with the track-rails. V

14. In an electrical railway signaling system, a train apparatus provided with, the transmitting and receiving mechanisms each having an aerial conductor, a continuouslyoperating signal-controlling drum provided with a plurality of contact projections, contact-brushes includedin the secondary circuit of the transmitting mechanism and in the circuit of the receiving mechanism to re spectively engage with diiferent contact projections of the drum, a common return-Wire adapted to be'included in the circuit with either of said brushes and also with the trackrail, a pair of contact-brushes adapted to. be respectively engaged by the other contact projections of the drum to provide for transmitting ditferent impulses, and an automatically-adjusted circuit-changing switch including a pair of spaced plates respectively connected'with the contact-brushes for transbetween and against the plates and included in the primary circuit of the transmitting mechanism.

15. In an electrical railway signaling system, a track apparatus provided with signal transmitting and receiving mechanisms each' having an aerial conductor, a continuouslyoperating signal-controller having means for plates and aswinging switch-lever adapted to play between and against said plates, separate switclvadjusting magnets arranged to-oscil- I late the lever in opposite directions, springretracted locking-armatures controlled by saidadjusting-magnets and having locking members adapted to engage with the ends of the switch-lever, a normally closed local operating-circuit for each of the said adjusting mechanisms, said operating-circuits including normally closed circuit-closers, track-relays'including the movable member-sot said circuit closers, the track-contact brushes wired with said relays and the track-contacts having wireconnections with the relays, subf' r alarm-circuit including a normally open cirstantially as described. r

16. In an electrical railway signaling system the combination with the signaling mechanism and the track-contact brushes, of the j track-contacts each consisting of abell-crank lever provided with an upstanding sectional contact-arm having insulation between the sectionsthereof, and an adjusting-spring having a connection with one arm of said lever, substantially as described.

17. In an electrical railway signaling sysstruments each having an armature provided with a marking-point adapted to operate against the record-tape, a normally closed operating-circuit including the magnet of,

each relay, and also including a normally closed circuit-closer, and operating-magnets included inthe secondary circuit'of the transmitting mechanism and also'in the circuit of the receiving mechanism, said operating-magnets respectively cooperating with the movable members of said normally closed circuitclosers.

18; In an electrical railway signaling system, a track apparatus provided with signal- 7 ing transmitting and receiving mechanisms each having an aerial conductor, means for automatically cutting the transmitting and receiving mechanisms in and out of action, a suitably-operated r,ecord-tape, a pair of recording instruments each having an armature provided with a marking-point adapted to operate against the. record-tape, a normally closed operating-circuit including the magnet of each relay, and also including a normally closed circuit-closer, operating-magnets included in the secondary circuit of the transmitting mechanism and also in the circuit of the receiving mechanism, said operating-magnets respectively cotiperating with the movable members of said normally closed circuitclosers, and local alarm-circuits respectively for transmitted and received signals, each cuit-closer, the movable member of which is formed by the armature of one of the relays.

19. Inan electrical r'ailway'signaling system, a train.apparatus provided with signal transmitting and receiving mechanisms each having an aerial conductor, separate recording instruments for transmitted and received signals, separate alarms for transmitted and received signals, and means for automatically actuating the separate recordin g instruments and alarms respectively for the circuits of the transmitting and receiving mechanisms.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto aflixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

Louis CHARLES WERNER. W'itnesses:

SYLVESTER BARBOUR, E. M. FRA CIS. 

